Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that occurs when the immune system speeds up the natural life cycle of skin cells. Instead of shedding gradually, new skin cells build up rapidly on the surface, leading to the formation of thick, red patches covered with silvery scales. While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, psoriasis is believed to result from a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. Flare-ups can be triggered by stress, illness, certain medications, or even changes in weather, and the condition often varies in severity from person to person.
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis affects around 1.8 million people in the UK, with men and women equally likely to develop the condition. It often appears as red, scaly patches on the skin and can flare up at any age — though it commonly begins in early adulthood. For many, psoriasis can impact comfort, confidence, and quality of life. With effective treatments available to help manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups, finding the right approach can make a real difference. Discover proven solutions with YourPharmacy today.
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Understanding Psoriasis
Causes Of Psoriasis
Psoriasis can develop due to a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. While it isn’t fully understood why some people develop the condition and others don’t, having a family history of psoriasis can increase the likelihood of experiencing it.
Identifying the exact cause or trigger can be challenging, as psoriasis often arises from a complex interaction of factors rather than a single source. The following are some of the key contributors that may play a role in triggering or worsening psoriasis:
Genetic predisposition
Psoriasis often runs in families, suggesting a strong genetic link. Individuals with a close relative affected by the condition are more likely to develop it themselves. However, not everyone with a family history will experience symptoms, as other factors can influence whether the condition appears.
Immune system overactivity
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This causes an overproduction of new cells, leading to the build-up of thick, scaly patches on the skin’s surface.
Environmental triggers
External factors such as cold weather, dry air, or skin injuries can provoke flare-ups in people prone to psoriasis. Even mild irritation, known as the Koebner phenomenon, can cause new patches to develop on previously unaffected areas.
Lifestyle and stress
High stress levels, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen psoriasis symptoms or increase the frequency of flare-ups. Managing stress and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the severity and recurrence of the condition.
common types of Psoriasis
Autoimmune responses play a central role in psoriasis, causing the immune system to mistakenly attack healthy skin cells. This leads to an accelerated skin cell turnover, resulting in the build-up of thick, scaly patches on the skin’s surface. Certain infections, such as strep throat, can also trigger or worsen psoriasis flare-ups, particularly in guttate psoriasis. Additionally, skin injuries, including cuts, burns, or insect bites, may cause new patches to appear — a reaction known as the Koebner phenomenon.
Plaque Psoriasis:
The most common form of psoriasis, plaque psoriasis affects roughly 80–90% of those with the condition. It appears as raised, inflamed patches of skin covered with silvery-white scales, often found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. These plaques can be itchy, sore, and may crack or bleed in more severe cases.
Guttate Psoriasis:
A type of psoriasis that often develops suddenly, usually after a throat infection such as strep. It appears as small, drop-shaped sores on the skin, typically affecting the torso, arms, and legs. This form is more common in children and young adults and may clear up on its own or progress into plaque psoriasis over time.
Inverse Psoriasis:
A form of psoriasis that develops in skin folds such as under the breasts, around the groin, or beneath the buttocks. It appears as smooth, shiny red patches without the thick scaling seen in other types. Friction and sweating can worsen symptoms, making this type particularly uncomfortable.
Pustular Psoriasis:
A rarer form marked by white pustules (blisters filled with non-infectious pus) surrounded by red skin. It can appear on the hands, feet, or cover larger areas of the body.
Erythrodermic Psoriasis:
A severe, potentially serious form causing widespread redness, scaling, and intense itching or pain. It can disrupt body temperature regulation and requires medical attention.
Nail Psoriasis:
Affects the fingernails and toenails, leading to pitting, discoloration, thickening, or separation of the nail from the nail bed.
Scalp Psoriasis:
Involves thick, scaly patches on the scalp, which can extend beyond the hairline and cause itching or flaking similar to dandruff.
Psoriasis treatments
Several treatment options are available for managing Psoriasis, including:
1. Medications
Topical Corticosteroids:
Used to reduce inflammation and redness, these creams or ointments are applied directly to affected areas. They vary in strength and are often the first-line treatment for mild to moderate psoriasis.
Vitamin D Analogues (e.g., Calcipotriol):
Topical treatments that help slow the overproduction of skin cells and reduce scaling. Often used alone or in combination with corticosteroids for better results.
Coal Tar Preparations:
Applied as creams, shampoos, or ointments, coal tar can help reduce scaling, itching, and inflammation, particularly in plaque psoriasis.
Systemic Medications (e.g., Methotrexate, Ciclosporin):
Oral or injectable treatments for severe psoriasis. These medications work by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation and plaque formation.
Moisturisers and Emollients:
While not a cure, regular use helps reduce dryness, flaking, and itching, supporting other treatments and improving comfort.
2. Therapies
Phototherapy:
Controlled exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light under medical supervision helps slow the rapid skin cell growth associated with psoriasis. Suitable for moderate to severe cases.
Biologics (e.g., Adalimumab, Secukinumab):
Targeted therapies administered via injection or infusion that block specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis. Typically reserved for moderate to severe cases that do not respond to other treatments.
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